Long-term health consequences of stem cell transplant using donor cells (an allogeneic transplant) are very real, although they affect a minority of patients and can often be treated effectively. This presentation reviews the most common problems following an allogeneic transplant and the therapies available to treat them.

Patients who undergo a stem cell transplant using their own cells (an autologous transplant) have an increased risk of heart disease, infection, pulmonary problems and sexual dysfunction. Careful monitoring and a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing serious problems.

Recovering from a bone marrow or stem cell transplant using donor cells requires life-long vigilance to detect potential long-term complications. Having a support team of doctors and family can help ensure a long, healthy life.

Up to 50% of people develop lung problems after a transplant using donor cells. Some are caused by infection. Graft-versus-host disease can cause bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Frequent pulmonary function tests are important to catch breathing problems early after transplant.

Improvements in bone marrow, stem cell and cord blood transplantation (hematopoietic cell transplantation) have translated into more survivors living long lives. It is important for survivors to know their long-term health risks so that they can get appropriate screenings and care to prevent and treat major health issues long-term.

Autologous transplants (transplant using your own cells) are most often used to treat patients with multiple myeloma, Hodgkin Disease and non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Potential late effects after transplant require life-long monitoring to ensure a good quality of life.